A liver transplant is an operation to remove your liver and replace it with a healthy one from a donor.

It may be recommended if your liver has stopped working properly (liver failure) and other treatments cannot help.

What happens

Having a liver transplant involves 3 main stages:

1. Having an assessment – to find out if you're suitable for a liver transplant, you'll have several tests and will be asked about your health and lifestyle.
2. Going on the waiting list – if you're suitable for a transplant, you'll need to wait for a healthy donor liver to become available, which could take several months or more.
3. Having the operation – when a liver is available, you'll go into hospital for surgery to remove your damaged liver and replace it with the healthy donor one.

This can be a long and difficult process, both physically and emotionally.

Life afterwards

Liver transplants are generally very successful and most people are eventually able to return to their normal activities afterwards.

It can take a year or more to fully recover.

After a liver transplant, you'll need to:

• take medicines to stop your body attacking the new liver (immunosuppressants) for the rest of your life
• have regular check-ups to see how you're doing and check how well your new liver is working
• stay as healthy as possible – including eating healthily and exercising regularly

Most people live more than 10 years after a liver transplant and many live for up to 20 years or more.

Read more about life after a liver transplant.

Risks and complications

A liver transplant is a big operation that has a risk of some serious complications. These can occur during, soon after, or even years afterwards.

Some of the main complications and risks of a liver transplant are:

• your body attacking the new liver (rejection)
• the new liver not working properly (graft failure)
• a blockage or leak in one of your bile ducts – bile is a liquid produced inside the liver that passes out through small tubes called bile ducts
• side effects of the immunosuppressant medicine – such as an increased risk of infections and kidney problems

A liver transplant will only be recommended if the risks of not having a transplant outweigh the risks of having one.

Liver donation

If you wish to donate your liver, there are 2 ways you can do this:

• donate your liver after you die by joining the NHS organ donor register
• become a living donor – you have an operation to remove part of your liver and give it to someone who needs a transplant (usually a family member or friend)