Kidney stones are usually formed following a build-up of certain chemicals in the body.
Certain medical conditions can lead to an unusually high level of these chemicals in your pee.
You're also more likely to develop kidney stones if you do not drink enough water and other fluids.
Types of kidney stones
Kidney stones come in a variety of sizes, shapes and colours. Some are like grains of sand, while in rare cases others can grow to the size of a golf ball.
The main types of kidney stones are:
calcium stones, the most common type of stone
struvite stones, usually caused by an infection, like a urine infection
uric acid stones, usually caused by a large amount of acid in your urine
Recurrent kidney stones
People who keep getting kidney stones include those who:
eat a high-protein, low-fibre diet
are inactive or bed-bound
have a family history of kidney stones
have had several kidney or urinary infections
have had a kidney stone before, particularly if it was before they were 25 years old
Medicines
Certain medicines may increase your risk of developing recurrent kidney stones.